Speaker Biographies

Sara is a senior researcher in the field of Battery Safety. She is investigating how safe different generations of batteries are, and how to predict and simulate their behavior under different abuse scenario. In collaboration with Siemens, she contributes to the electrical storage library development available on Simcenter Amesim TM Siemens PLM software . Previously, Sara studied the impact of calendar aging on thermal runaway phenomena through a combined experimental and modeling approach. Currently, she is supervising a PhD project on internal short-circuit in batteries. Sara is also WP leader in the European project Helena, in which the aim is to establish a simulation chain tool that will be in support for the development of Halide based all-solide-state batteries.

Daniel Aeppli is an engineer at Empa with experience in X-ray analysis, thermal measurements, battery safety testing, glovebox techniques, and electrical characterization applied to battery research. His work focuses on studying degradation mechanisms, improving battery lifespan and safety, and developing non-destructive methods for efficient State-of-Health assessment.

Jeremy is currently the Vice President of Commercial Product at Omnidian. Previously Jeremy was the Head of Product, North America for Volvo Energy. He is responsible for the developing the product strategy and implementation of Volvo Group’s energy storage offering in North America. Jeremy has over 15 years of experience developing solutions and leading operations in grid reliability, renewable energy and energy storage. Prior to joining Volvo, Jeremy worked for Tesla, where he played in integral role in developing the roadmap for Tesla’s commercial energy storage service offering. He was responsible for planning service delivery, structuring Long Term Service Agreements with utilities and power producers, and managing contract compliance across Tesla’s global portfolio of commercial energy sites. Jeremy earned a BA in Economics from Brown University and an MS in Energy Policy and Climate from Johns Hopkins University.

Prof. Paul V. Braun is the Director of the Materials Research Laboratory, the Grainger Distinguished Chair in Engineering, and Professor of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Prof. Braun received his B.S. degree with distinction from Cornell University, and his Ph.D. in Materials Science and Engineering from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Following a postdoctoral appointment at Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies, Prof. Braun joined the faculty of the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Prof. Braun has co-authored a book, about 350 peer-reviewed publications, been awarded multiple patents, and has co-founded four companies. He was a member of the 2010-2011 DARPA Defense Science Study Group, and the 2015-2017 National Academies Technical Advisory Board for the US Army Research Laboratory. Prof. Braun is a Fellow of the Materials Research Society, AAAS, the National Academy of Inventors, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Vidyu Challa brings 20 years of industry experience with 10 years in the battery space. She has been involved in different levels of the battery supply chain including cell manufacturing, testing, root cause analysis, safety and battery risk mitigation. She has broad based expertise that includes engineering technology start-up experience, consulting, product development, R & D, and various roles in marketing and business development. Dr. Challa has led battery training courses at major conferences and for leading companies in consumer, medical, and automotive verticals. She has consulted for leading companies on Battery quality and safety and has developed battery qualification programs. Dr. Challa obtained a PhD from the University of Maryland, where her work was focused on electronics reliability.

Ben has over fifteen years' experience between General Motors, XALT Energy, and now Freudenberg Sealing Technologies as an innovator and Technical Specialist in the battery industry, specializing in cell materials, pack design, and validation. With deep expertise in system architecture, virtual analysis, and high-voltage safety, he has led innovations to streamline validation costs and timing while also improving safety across the industry. Ben earned his MS in Energy Systems Engineering from the University of Michigan and BS in Manufacturing Engineering from Ferris State University.

Adam Cohn is a materials scientist specializing in battery technology. At Exponent, he supports clients across a wide range of battery-related projects, including failure analysis, cell and pack quality evaluations, intellectual property litigation, cycling studies, customized abuse testing, product recalls, and technology due diligence. Prior to joining Exponent, his research was focused on material selection, synthesis, and characterization for new battery chemistries, including sodium-ion and sodium metal systems, as an NSF fellow at Vanderbilt University.

Eric C. Darcy, PhD, recently finished his 38-year career at NASA in the areas of battery design, verification, and safety assessments for the rigors of manned spacecraft applications. As Battery Technical Discipline Lead at NASA-JSC, his main objective has been the development of safe, while high-performing, battery systems with a deep focus on understanding, preventing, and mitigating latent defects that could lead to catastrophic cell internal short circuits. Now he is a private consultant.

As Business Development Manager for Amphenol Advanced Sensors, Brian Engle is responsible for developing new technologies and partnerships to address emerging sensor needs within various industries. With over 30 years of experience in research, development, and business roles within global OEM and Tier 1 automotive companies, Brian Engle blends system engineering disciplines with business acumen to develop cost-effective solutions to the most challenging needs within the industry. As an active member of SAE, Brian supports a number of battery and xEV safety initiatives and through participation in NAATBATT consortium, works together with OEM's, xEV supply chain partners, and government to develop technology to support the rapidly growing xEV and battery storage market.

Dr. Gebrekidan Gebresilassie Eshetu obtained his PhD by the end of 2013 in Materials Science/Chemistry (Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion Materials) from the LRCS (CNRS) laboratory in France, Amiens, under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Michel Armand, Prof. Dr. Stephane Laruele, and Dr. Eng. Sylvie Grugeon. Following, he did his postdoctoral research at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) in the group of Prof. Dr. Stefano Passerini. Then, he worked at CIC Energigune (Spain) as a senior postdoctoral researcher on solid electrolytes for lithium- and sodium-metals-based rechargeable batteries. In 2018, he joined RWTH, Aachen University, in the group of Prof. Dr. Egbert Figgemeier. Currently, he is a group leader at Institute of Power Electronics & Electrical Drives of RWTH for functional surfaces, interface, and interphases for applications in electrochemical energy storage devices, notably rechargeable batteries. His interest focuses on the design and characterization of functional electrolytes, pre-charging, surfaces, interfaces, and interphases for rechargeable batteries and beyond.

Dr. Fitzhugh is a Co-Founder and the CEO of Adden Energy, a Harvard University spin-off commercializing new solid-state battery technology. He earned his PhD in Applied Physics from Professor Xin Li’s group at Harvard University’s John A Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. During his graduate work, he was a co-inventor of the technology later licensed by Adden Energy, which focuses on critical market segments ranging from electric vehicles and power tools to consumer electronics. Before joining Adden Energy, Dr. Fitzhugh was an Entrepreneurial Fellow in the DOE’s Innovation Crossroads program housed at Oak Ridge National Lab.

Kevin Fok is Director of Compliance and leads the company in product compliance strategy and requirements for product architecture and design. He serves on multiple codes and standards committees for UL, NFPA, ICC, and CSA. He has extensive experience in renewable energy with roles in sales, business development, marketing, engineering, project management, and operations & maintenance spanning lithium-ion batteries, solar photovoltaics (PV), nickel-metal hydride batteries, fuel cells, and hydrogen storage. He is a co-inventor of 13 U.S. patents. He has been a presenter, panelist, moderator, and session chair at over 100 conferences and events. He serves on the University of Michigan Engineering Alumni Board. He has a Master of Business Administration (MBA), Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering, and a Michigan Ross Distinguished Leader Executive Certificate, all from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

Kevin L. Gering, PhD (INL) PhD Chem. Eng., University Oklahoma - 1989 (electrolyte theory). Kevin has been involved in battery testing and R&D for nearly 20 years while at INL. Dr. Gering is an established expert in the field of state-of-the-art molecular-based electrolyte models for electrochemical systems (Advanced Electrolyte Model, AEM), and has developed novel performance and lifecycle (aging) models for lithium-ion battery systems covering mechanistic aspects of kinetic limitations and performance loss over battery life (CellSage). AEM generates more than 100 property metrics with each simulation, giving genomic-level information for electrolyte characterization. CellSage simulations perform mechanism-wise analyses of battery aging while accounting for multiple concurrent stress factors that can change over the timeline. Kevin is well qualified to speak on issues of electrolyte transport, characterization, screening, and optimization for lithium-ion systems, wherein particular areas of expertise are highly concentrated electrolytes and low-temperature battery performance. During AEM development, Kevin has achieved milestones in formulating mathematics and new modeling techniques that capture properties that were previously very difficult to model over wide ranges of temperature and salt concentration, such as colligative permittivity, conductivity, diffusivity, viscosity, surface tension, ion desolvation energy and kinetics, double-layer composition and properties, comprehensive ion speciation, osmotic pressure, preferential ion solvation, and many others. Kevin is currently contributing to the DOE program eXtreme Fast Charge Cell Evaluation of Lithium-ion Batteries (XCEL), and is involved in integrating CellSage architecture and outcomes within a machine learning (ML) program under DOE-VTO. Dr. Gering has a diverse background in modeling complex systems, where other previous work covered developing a methane hydrates marine basin model, a dynamic passive aeration compost model, blast wave calculations, transport model for pulsed catalytic reactors, and others. He actively collaborates within DOE labs, universities, and the private sector, and is an advocate of domestic intellectual property, having several patents issued and pending, and under license. AEM and CellSage tools have seen increased licensing, speaking to the growing impact of INL to meet industrial needs.

Miguel is a chemical engineer specializing in failure analysis and quality assessments of various battery technologies across the product development life cycle. While at Exponent, he has supported clients on various projects relating to safety assessments, product recalls, thermal abuse testing, and customized testing. Leveraging his technical expertise, Miguel is focused on providing solutions to complex technical challenges associated with the production of innovative, reliable, and safe battery technologies for various consumer needs.

Dr. Harding is trained as a chemical engineer and has years of experience investigating the behaviors, chemistry, and failure modes of a variety of battery systems. He has experience in designing, conducting, and analyzing laboratory experiments related to abuse and/or accelerated aging of batteries to assist his clients in understanding how their batteries will perform in the field. In addition, Dr. Harding regularly conducts failure analysis of batteries after performance or thermal failures, relying on his experience, education, and a suite of analytical techniques to investigate the root cause of battery failures.

Michael Harenbrock holds the position of Principal Expert, Electric Mobility at MANN+HUMMEL GmbH, a global leader in filtration solutions for the automotive industry. After receiving his Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry from WWU Münster in 1994, he worked in the chemical-pharmaceutical industry before joining MANN+HUMMEL in 1998 as Manager Materials Development Filter. Further positions in the company included Manager, Advanced Development Filtration Transportation and Manager, Advanced Development Electric Mobility & Fuel Cells. He has worked on fuel cell and battery projects since 2010. Through market and technology monitoring, he identifies the need for new innovative filtration solutions for Electric Mobility, and coordinates their related activities worldwide. International networking and collaboration in industry organizations are essential parts of his work. His passion is for Clean Transport – helping to protect man and environment from transport-related emissions.

Dr. Iddir is a Physicist in the Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). Dr. Iddir holds a Ph.D. in Physics from the University of Illinois at Chicago, a Master of Chemical Engineering from the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago. Dr. Iddir joined Argonne National Laboratory in 2006. His research interests are in the area of materials science, with a focus on developing experimental and theoretical approaches for investigating structure-property relationships at the atomic scale, defects, surfaces, interfaces in materials, chemical and physical properties of catalytic, non-catalytic and energy materials. His approach involves the use of ab-initio thermodynamics and materials modeling tools along with electron microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. Dr. Iddir published several scientific papers and patents, and serves as a reviewer for several scientific journals, the National Science Foundation, The European FNRS agency, and the Vehicle Technologies Office of the U.S. Department of Energy.

Sam Jaffe is the VP of business development and product at Mana Battery. He has been in the battery industry for two decades as an analyst, a consultant, and an executive. He was previously the founder and managing director of Cairn ERA, a company acquired by E Source in 2021. Prior to that he worked at Navigant and before that at IDC Energy Insights. He has also worked at 1019 Technologies and Addionics. He is the author of two books, Jewish Wisdom for Business Success and The New Korea, and lives in Boulder, Colorado.

Dr. Nathan B. Johnson completed his Doctorate in Chemical Engineering under Dr. Paul Albertus at University of Maryland, College Park in Spring 2023, and his Postdoc at Sandia National Laboratories under Dr. Loraine Torres-Castro and Dr. Alex M. Bates in January 2025. Since then, he has worked as a Senior Member of Technical Staff at Sandia National Laboratories in the Power Sources R&D organization. For the last 7 years, he has worked on safety, reliability, and diagnostics for a wide variety of primary and rechargeable battery chemistries from the materials-scale up to the pack-level. His primary focus is developing a predictive battery safety testing method through coupling materials-scale tests with numerical modeling.

Alex Kosyakov is the Co-Founder and CEO of Natrion, a battery technology company based in Champaign, IL and Binghamton, NY. Kosyakov studied materials science at the University of Illinois and City College of New York (CCNY). His research has primarily concentrated on reinforced polymer composites and active materials for rechargeable lithium and sodium batteries. Natrion was started in 2018 to commercialize intellectual property developed by Kosyakov and collaborators at CCNY. The company now provides Li-metal battery technologies to automotive, defense, aerospace, and consumer electronics OEMs around the world.

Hannah Loizzo-Jay is a Cell Technology Research Engineer at Ford Motor Company, where she focuses on abuse testing of next generation batteries. During her time at Ford, she has researched battery materials for solid state electrolytes, sourced equipment for the Battery Center of Excellence pilot line, and launched the first model year of the Ford E-Transit in a powertrain hardware integration role. She received her B.S. in Chemical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and an MEng in Energy Systems Engineering from the University of Michigan.

Amy Marschilok is a Professor in the Department of Chemistry at Stony Brook University in Stony Brook, NY, where she is an Adjunct Faculty in the Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and Chemical and Molecular Engineering and Co-Director of the Institute of Sustainability, Electrification and Energy (I:SEE). Dr. Marschilok holds a Joint Appointment at Brookhaven National Laboratory, where she serves as Energy Storage Division Manager and Energy Systems Division Manager in the Interdisciplinary Science Department. She also serves as Director for the Center for Mesoscale Transport Properties (http://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/m2m/index.html), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. Dr. Marschilok was previously employed as a Senior Scientist in the Medical Battery Research and Development group at Greatbatch Inc. in Clarence NY, where she was recognized as a Visionary of the Year. Her current research centers on electrochemistry-based and -coupled characterization approaches; materials and electrode concepts for high power, high energy density, extended life batteries; and operando investigations of energy storage materials and systems. She currently serves as a member of the Board of Directors for the Society of Electroanalytical Chemistry and the New York Battery and Energy Storage Technology Consortium.

Naoki Matsumura is a Principal Engineer at Intel Corporation, responsible for battery algorithm development in charging and CPU turbo-boost, and new battery chemistry enabling for mobile devices, datacenters, and Internet-Of-Things (IOT) devices. He is frequently invited to international conferences to speak on battery topics such as machine-learning/deep-learning based battery charging algorithm. He also teaches batteries and AI (machine learning and deep learning) at San Jose State University as an adjunct faculty, where he also serves as a Materials Engineering Industry Advisory Council member. Prior to that, he held battery research and development roles at Panasonic Corporation. He earned his MS in Energy Science from Kyoto University and holds many patents. He is the author of "Practical Battery Design and Control", a peer-reviewed battery book published from Artech House in Feb.'23.

Masatsugu Morimitsu is a professor of the Department of Science of Environment and Mathematical Modeling of Graduate School at Doshisha University, Japan. He obtained his B.Eng., M.Eng., and Dr. Eng. degrees from the Department of Materials Science of Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan. His independent research group focuses on the electrochemistry and materials of novel aqueous rechargeable batteries beyond LIB for stationary energy storage and EVs.

Dr. Nowak studied Chemistry at the University of Münster and got his Ph.D. in Analytical Chemistry. After his doctorate, he joined the working group of Professor Winter at the MEET Battery Research Center at the University of Münster in 2009 as a postdoctoral researcher, where he established the Analytical department. From 2010-12, he was the Head of the Analytics and Recycling competence areas, and since 2012, he has held a position at the MEET Battery Research Center as Head of the Analytics and Environment division, which mainly focuses on electrolyte aging, transition metal migration and surface investigations, recycling, and second life, as well as toxicological investigations.

Dr. Manan Pathak is currently the CEO and Co-Founder of BattGenie Inc., working on software algorithms for Battery Management Systems (BMS). He obtained his B.Tech. from IIT Bombay in Chemical Engineering in 2010. He earned his PhD from the University of Washington in Chemical Engineering in 2017, during which he worked on Model-based Battery Management Systems (BMS) for Lithium-ion Batteries. During his PhD, he published 14 peer-reviewed publications and filed 4 patents. He was also a founding member and a chair of outreach activities of the Electrochemical Society (ECS) University of Washington (UW) Student Chapter. He is also an Advisor of the DOE project led by PNNL working on developing battery testing standards for second-life battery applications.

Tanveer Pathan is an electrochemical engineer with nearing a decade of R&D experience in the field of electrochemistry, electrochemical power devices, and surface engineering. The last six years of his career have been focussed on lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) to study the capacity retention in LIBs. In the past, he has worked on fuel cells, electrochemistry of corrosion and corrosion analysis, functional coatings for corrosion protection, and development of metal and graphene-based electrodes for fuel cells. Currently, he is the technical lead within the Forensic Analysis of Batteries Group at WMG, University of Warwick; covering both academic and industrial projects focusing on battery forensics and understanding the degradation mechanisms in lithium-ion batteries.

Vinay Premnath is the director of research with focus on energy storage safety at the Electrochemical Safety Research Institute which is a part of UL Research Institutes. The Safety Research team leads cutting edge research to advance safer energy storage technologies that will serve as a critical bridge towards a more sustainable future.

Dhevathi Rajan R Kannan is a Research Scientist in the Electrochemical Safety Research Institute (ESRI) at UL Research Institutes (ULRI). Dr. Kannan has more than six years of experience in battery research on battery cell testing and battery safety.

Amit Ranjan is a leading expert in battery technology, electric propulsion, and sustainable energy innovation. At Canoo, he transformed both greenfield and brownfield sites into full-scale gigafactory operations, delivering patented breakthroughs in battery fire safety and structural design. He also led the design of the nation’s largest geothermal energy storage and heat pump system for automotive manufacturing. During his tenure at Stellantis, Amit directed the Ferrari F160 engine program and managed BEV propulsion platform development across global nameplates—including Chrysler, Dodge, Jeep, Alfa Romeo, Maserati, and Abarth. As Founder of Asterisk Green Inc., he is pioneering AI-driven automation and energy-efficient systems for the industrial sector. Holding advanced engineering degrees from the University of Michigan and BIT Mesra, and serving as an adjunct professor at KIIT, Amit continues to shape the future of electrified mobility, advanced manufacturing, and global energy resilience.

Masoud Rostami-Angas, PhD, is a Lead Reliability Engineer at Ansys, where he focuses on root cause analysis, quality assessment, and reliability and qualification testing of battery and electronic products. With over 15 years of experience in academic, SBIR, and industrial environments, Dr. Angas has led initiatives and consulted across a wide range of sectors, including medical, consumer, industrial, and government. He received his PhD in Electrical Engineering from Northeastern University before transitioning to industry roles focused on reliability engineering.

Jim Salvador has worked at General Motors Research and Development for 16 years. During that time, he has led projects focused on solid state energy conversion technology for waste heat recuperation, solid state hydrogen storge materials fuel cell vehicles, low-cost permanent magnetic materials development. More recently he has worked on solid state batteries as well as fundamental understandings of thermal runaway initiation.

Dr. Becca Segel completed her Bachelors of Science at Case Western Reserve University and PhD at the University of Pittsburgh both in chemical engineering with a research focus in flow batteries. During her PhD, Becca was awarded the NSF GRFP fellowship and was named one of the Pittsburgh Business Times’ 5 founders under 25 in 2022 for her entrepreneurial aptitude. She was previously a Great Lakes Energy Institute Fellow and researched as an intern at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center and NASA Ames developing energy storage technologies. Becca leads technical and business development efforts at the start-up company FlowCellutions.

Dr. Deepti Tewari completed her Doctorate in Mechanical Engineering under Professor Partha Mukherjee at Purdue University, and her Master's degree at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. She conducted her postdoctoral research at Argonne National Laboratory before joining the Electrochemical Safety Research Institute, a part of UL Research Institute, where she currently works as a Research Scientist. Her research focuses on the electrochemical performance and safety of lithium-ion and advanced battery technologies, with particular emphasis on modeling approaches. Dr. Tewari's work spans the development and application of predictive models to understand and enhance battery safety and performance characteristics across various battery chemistries and configurations.

Loraine Torres-Castro is the battery safety lead for vehicle electrification and grid energy storage at Sandia National Labs. The research that Loraine oversees focuses on evaluating batteries well outside of manufacturer recommended specifications and the severity of any catastrophic thermal runaway. In the Battery Abuse Testing Laboratory, her efforts are focused on understanding the mechanisms that lead to energy storage system safety incidents, and developing mitigation strategies for single-cell and system failures. Loraine has innovated abuse testing by targeting problems using a predictive approach (early detection for intervention) to eliminate failure rather than reacting to it. Her work has led to developments in advanced abuse testing, including a fundamental understanding of cell failure, to facilitate the design of safer energy storage systems. Her expertise and commitment to safety science have led to multiple cross-collaborations among sponsoring organizations, including the Department of Energy (Office of Electricity, the Vehicle Technologies Office, Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy), Department of Transportation, and NASA. On behalf of the Vehicle Technologies Office, she authored and maintains the US Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC) Battery Abuse Testing Manual, widely used by car manufacturers to evaluate new technologies. Loraine is also a member of the USABC, for which she provides technical advice and recommendations.

Dragoljub did his chemistry studies in Bosnia and Herzegovina followed by a Master of Science in advanced materials in Grenoble and Darmstadt as part of the ERASMUS Mundus program. At TU Darmstadt Dragoljub finished his Ph.D. in 2018 on silicon-based anode materials and continued his career as a postdoc in the battery field. In 2019 he joined Mercedes-Benz Car Group as an expert in silicon-based anodes and helped establish lab activities for cell development and testing. In 2020 he took responsibility as a project and technical lead for the development of a high energy cell. Dragoljub currently leads the anode expert group responsible for anode development @ Mercedes. Dragoljub successfully established technology partnerships on the subject of new silicon material with two world-leading material suppliers to support his anode development work. Apart from work, Dragoljub enjoys spending his free time with family (two sons and wife) and friends. He enjoys mountains, hiking, and biking. Furthermore, he likes farming (driving a tractor) on his parent’s farm in Bosnia. At Daimler Truck Dragoljub is responsible for the in-house development of Lithium-ion cells.

Dr. Matthew Wang graduated from Peking University with a Materials Science major in 2010. He has over 14 years of working experience in the Lithium-ion battery industry. At Amionx, his R&D focus is to make safer batteries by using SafeCore as a current interrupter and limiter to mitigate thermal runaway. He leads an internal team to develop next generation safety technologies and he also oversees external technical programs with international customers and partners.

Steve Weiss, Ph.D. is the founder and Principal Investigator at Xilectric Inc., where he leads the development of next-generation battery diagnostics and metrology tools for quality assurance in lithium-ion manufacturing. He holds a Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering from MIT and a B.S. from the University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign (Summa Cum Laude). Dr. Weiss has authored multiple patents in battery diagnostics and electrochemical modeling, and has successfully transitioned lab-scale innovations into commercial pilots for both defense and industrial partners. Xilectric’s work integrates real-time hardware metrology with predictive modeling to resolve critical bottlenecks in cell and pack manufacturing, enabling clarity and insights previously unattainable in battery metrology through its integrated hardware-software innovations.

Patrick Wise is a policy analyst in the Office of Resource Conservation and Recovery at the US Environmental Protection Agency. He specializes in solid and hazardous waste regulations under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), including regulations for end-of-life lithium batteries. Patrick is on the EPA team developing a proposed rulemaking to update the universal waste regulations that apply to end-of-life lithium batteries, and he has previously co-authored a report on fires caused by these batteries in the solid waste management system and developed guidance materials clarifying how waste battery management and recycling is regulated.